The Atlantic Ocean has long been treated as a permanent fixture on world maps, a blue expanse separating North America from Europe and Africa. Yet a growing body of research suggests this basin is far ...

Understanding how the oceans behaved in the past — especially during extremely cold periods — is crucial for testing the models used to project future climate change. The peak of the last ice age, the ...

During the last ice age, the Atlantic Ocean's powerful current system remained active and continued to transport warm, salty water from the tropics to the North Atlantic despite extensive ice cover ...