How did the gut, the skin and musculature evolve? This question concerns scientists for more than a century. Through the investigation of the embryonic development of sea anemones, a very old animal ...

Researchers offer a phylogenetic and ontogenetic overview of the primitive streak and its role in mediating amniote (vertebrate animals that develop on land) gastrulation, and discuss the implications ...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 118, No. 23 (June 8, 2021), pp. 1-10 (10 pages) Markers for the endoderm and mesoderm germ layers are commonly ...

News Sea Anemones Illuminate the Evolution of Embryo Development A study of a simple marine animal suggests that the common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians may have had three germ layers ...

Reviewed by Michael Greenwood, M.Sc. Fertilization is defined as a process where gametes (an egg and sperm) join together to form a full zygote. Both the sperm and egg contain a single set of 23 ...

Gene networks in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been found to serve two purposes at once. They maintain pluripotency, and they keep apoptosis, or programmed cell death, on a hair trigger.

Several phases of animal evolution have undergone radical change in developmental mechanisms. I refer to these as major transitions in animal evolution. The six most important transitions in the ...

Huntington’s disease (HD) was the first neurological disorder to be linked to a mutation in a single gene—a discovery made more than 25 years ago. However, neither the pathogenic mechanisms leading to ...

How did the gut, the skin and musculature evolve? This question concerns scientists for more than a century. Through the investigation of the embryonic development of sea anemones, a very old animal ...

In their publication in Science, Professor Guojun Sheng (Kumamoto University, Japan), Professor Alfonso Martinez Arias (Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Spain) and Professor Ann Sutherland (University of ...