Does using alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis engender addiction by changing the structure of brains, or does the structure of brains incline some people toward using those substances? In standard brain ...

The brain disease model of addiction holds that SUDs are chronic, relapsing brain diseases and that relapses are symptoms, and part of the expected course, of the disease (Morse, 2017). As with other ...

Sep. 13—When someone asks, "Which came first, the chicken or the egg?" they want you to put in chronological order two different things: an egg, and one chicken. If you answer by saying, "The egg came ...

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Addiction is one of the most intensely studied conditions in modern medicine, yet even with high‑resolution brain scans and genetic tools, scientists still cannot fully explain why some people get ...

1) https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/1036/alternative-models-of-addiction#articles – This is a link to a collection of 19 articles published in Frontiers ...