Inside high-energy proton collisions, quarks and gluons briefly form a dense, boiling state before cooling into ordinary ...

Nonconformists could take a page from the proton’s playbook: The subatomic particle is once again resisting scientists’ attempts to size it up. Everyone agrees the proton is tiny: Its radius is less ...

Protons may be intrinsically charming. The subatomic particles are a mash-up of three lighter particles called quarks: two of the type known as up quarks and one down quark. But physicists have ...

Being able to see inside an object is essential to understanding how it works. X-rays revolutionized medicine by giving doctors a noninvasive way to look beneath the skin — to spot broken bones, ...