Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a critical refining process used to convert heavy, high-boiling petroleum fractions into lighter, more valuable products such as gasoline, diesel, and olefins. The process involves breaking down large hydrocarbon molecules in the presence of a catalyst at high temperatures. The catalyst, typically a fine powder, is fluidized by the flow of hydrocarbons and steam, creating a fluid-like mixture that enhances the cracking reaction. Af

Hydrocracking is a key refining process in the petroleum industry that turns heavy hydrocarbons into lighter, high-value fuels like gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, and naphtha ⚙️⛽ It works by mixing high-pressure hydrogen gas with heavy feedstocks (like vacuum gas oil or residual oils) in the presence of a metal catalyst — usually platinum, palladium, or nickel-molybdenum. The hydrogen helps break large hydrocarbon chains into smaller, cleaner molecules, improving fuel quality and reducing impuritie